Integration Testing

In an earlier section of this tutorial we looked at unit testing, but integration tests are at least as important, probably more so, as they exercise the entire application from an end-users perspective, rather than an individual part.

We don’t write integration tests using Selenium or similar, and so avoid the fragility and maintenance effort that such tests often entail. Instead, the framework provides the WrapperFactory domain service which simulates the user interface in a type-safe way. Another term sometimes used is subcutaneous testing; we execute the test "under the skin".

Ex 9.1: Testing bookVisit using an integtest

In this exercise we’ll test the bookVisit mixin action (on Pet entity).

Solution

git checkout tags/v2/09-01-bookVisit-integ-test
mvn clean install

Tasks

  • in the pom.xml of the visits module, add the following dependencies:

    module-visits/pom.xml
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.causeway.testing</groupId>
    <artifactId>causeway-testing-integtestsupport-applib</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.causeway.persistence</groupId>
    <artifactId>causeway-persistence-jpa-eclipselink</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

  • add an abstract class VisitModuleIntegTestAbstract for the visits module, for other integ tests to subclass:

    VisitModuleIntegTestAbstract.java
    @SpringBootTest(
        classes = VisitModuleIntegTestAbstract.TestApp.class
)
@ActiveProfiles("test")
public abstract class VisitModuleIntegTestAbstract
        extends CausewayIntegrationTestAbstractWithFixtures {

    @SpringBootConfiguration
    @EnableAutoConfiguration
    @Import({

            CausewayModuleCoreRuntimeServices.class,
            CausewayModuleSecurityBypass.class,
            CausewayModulePersistenceJpaEclipselink.class,
            CausewayModuleTestingFixturesApplib.class,

            VisitModule.class                           (1)
    })
    @PropertySources({
            @PropertySource(CausewayPresets.H2InMemory_withUniqueSchema),
            @PropertySource(CausewayPresets.UseLog4j2Test),
    })
    public static class TestApp {
    }
}
    1 Most of this class is boilerplate, but it does reference the module under test.

  • also update the application-test.yml file for the visit module, to ensure that the database schemas for both modules are created:

    module-visit/src/test/resources/application-test.yml
    causeway:
  persistence:
    schema:
      auto-create-schemas: petowner,visit

  • add a class Bootstrap_IntegTest integration test, inheriting from the `VisitsModuleIntegTestAbstract:

    Bootstrap_IntegTest.java
    public class Bootstrap_IntegTest extends VisitModuleIntegTestAbstract {

    @Test
    public void checks_can_bootstrap() {}
}

    Make sure this test runs and passes in both the IDE and using "mvn clean install".

Now we can write our actual test:

  • Now add a class PetOwner_bookVisit_IntegTest integration test, also inheriting from the `VisitModuleIntegTestAbstract:

    PetOwner_bookVisit_IntegTest.java
    public class PetOwner_bookVisit_IntegTest extends VisitModuleIntegTestAbstract {

    @BeforeEach
    void setup() {
        fixtureScripts.run(new PetOwner_persona.PersistAll());                       (1)
    }

    @Test
    public void happy_case() {

        // given
        PetOwner somePetOwner = fakeDataService.enums()                             (2)
                .anyOf(PetOwner_persona.class)
                .findUsing(serviceRegistry);
        Pet somePet = fakeDataService.collections()
                .anyOf(somePetOwner.getPets());

        List<Visit> before = visitRepository.findByPetOwner(somePetOwner);
        assertThat(before).isEmpty();

        // when
        LocalDateTime visitAt = clockService.getClock().nowAsLocalDateTime()        (3)
                .plusDays(fakeDataService.ints().between(1, 3));

        wrapMixin(PetOwner_bookVisit.class, somePetOwner).act(somePet, visitAt);    (4)

        // then
        List<Visit> after = visitRepository.findByPetOwner(somePetOwner);
        assertThat(after).hasSize(1);

        Visit visit = after.get(0);

        assertThat(visit.getPet()).isSameAs(somePet);                               (5)
        assertThat(visit.getPet().getPetOwner()).isSameAs(somePetOwner);            (6)
        assertThat(visit.getVisitAt()).isEqualTo(visitAt);                          (6)
    }

    @Inject FakeDataService fakeDataService;
    @Inject VisitRepository visitRepository;
    @Inject ClockService clockService;

}
    1 uses same fixture script used for prototyping to set up Pets and their PetOwners.
    2 uses the FakeDataService to select a random PetOwner and corresponding Pet
    3 sets up some randomised but valid argument values
    4 invokes the action, using the WrapperFactory to simulate the UI
    5 asserts that one new Visit has been created for the Pet.
    6 asserts that the state of this new Visit is correct

    Run the test and check that it passes.

  • write an error scenario which checks that the visitAt date cannot be in the past:

    PetOwner_bookVisit_IntegTest.java
    @Test
public void cannot_book_in_the_past() {

    // given
    PetOwner somePetOwner = fakeDataService.enums()
            .anyOf(PetOwner_persona.class)
            .findUsing(serviceRegistry);
    Pet somePet = fakeDataService.collections()
            .anyOf(somePetOwner.getPets());

    // when, then
    LocalDateTime visitAt = clockService.getClock().nowAsLocalDateTime();

    assertThatThrownBy(() ->
            wrapMixin(PetOwner_bookVisit.class, somePetOwner).act(somePet, visitAt)
    )
            .isInstanceOf(InvalidException.class)
            .hasMessage("Must book in the future");
}

Ex 9.2: Adds fixture for Visits

Currently we have a fixture for PetOwners and their Pets, but none for Visits. If we want to write additional integration tests for Visits also, then it’s a good idea to have some fixtures. They can also be used when prototyping.

In this exercise we’ll therefore add a new fixture for the visit module.

Solution

git checkout tags/v2/09-02-adds-visit-fixture
mvn clean install

Tasks

  • copy in the following persona enum (we’ll add the Builder next):

    Visit_persona.java
    /**
 * Returns the most recent Visit, or the one scheduled.
 */
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public enum Visit_persona
implements Persona<Visit, Visit_persona.Builder> {

    JAMAL_VISITS(PetOwner_persona.JAMAL),
    CAMILA_VISITS(PetOwner_persona.CAMILA),
    ARJUN_VISITS(PetOwner_persona.ARJUN),
    NIA_VISITS(PetOwner_persona.NIA),
    OLIVIA_VISITS(PetOwner_persona.OLIVIA),
    LEILA_VISITS(PetOwner_persona.LEILA),
    MATT_VISITS(PetOwner_persona.MATT),
    BENJAMIN_VISITS(PetOwner_persona.BENJAMIN),
    JESSICA_VISITS(PetOwner_persona.JESSICA),
    DANIEL_VISITS(PetOwner_persona.DANIEL);

    private final PetOwner_persona petOwner_p;

    @Override
    public Builder builder() {
        return new Builder().setPersona(this);
    }

    @Override
    public Visit findUsing(final ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry) {
        final var owner = petOwner_p.findUsing(serviceRegistry);
        final var visits = serviceRegistry.lookupService(VisitRepository.class)
                .map(x -> x.findByPetOwner(owner))
                .orElseThrow();
        return lastOf(visits);
    }

    private static Visit lastOf(List<Visit> visits) {
        return visits.get(visits.size()-1);
    }

    // ...
}

  • now add in the Builder:

    Visit_persona.java
    @RequiredArgsConstructor
public enum Visit_persona
implements Persona<Visit, Visit_persona.Builder> {
    // ...

    @Accessors(chain = true)
    public static class Builder extends BuilderScriptWithResult<Visit> {

        @Getter @Setter private Visit_persona persona;

        @Override
        protected Visit buildResult(final ExecutionContext ec) {

            final var petOwner = ec.executeChildT(this, persona.petOwner_p);    (1)

            petOwner.getPets().forEach(pet -> {

                // in the past
                final var numVisits = fakeDataService.ints().between(2, 4);     (2)
                for (var i = 0; i < numVisits; i++) {
                    final var daysAgo = fakeDataService.ints().between(5, 500);
                    final var minsInTheDay = randomAppointmentTime();
                    final var appointmentTime = randomAppointmentTimeFromToday(-daysAgo, minsInTheDay);
                    wrapperFactory.wrapMixin(PetOwner_bookVisit.class, petOwner, SyncControl.control().withSkipRules()).act(pet, appointmentTime);
                }

                // in the future
                if (fakeDataService.booleans().coinFlip()) {                    (3)
                    final var daysAhead = fakeDataService.ints().between(1, 10);
                    final var minsInTheDay = randomAppointmentTime();
                    final var appointmentTime = randomAppointmentTimeFromToday(daysAhead, minsInTheDay);
                    wrapperFactory.wrapMixin(PetOwner_bookVisit.class, petOwner, SyncControl.control().withSkipRules()).act(pet, appointmentTime);
                }
            });

            final var numDaysAgo = fakeDataService.ints().between(2, 100);
            final var lastVisit = clockService.getClock().nowAsLocalDate().minusDays(numDaysAgo);
            petOwner.setLastVisit(lastVisit);

            final var visits = wrapperFactory.wrapMixin(PetOwner_visits.class, petOwner, SyncControl.control().withSkipRules()).coll();
            return lastOf(visits);
        }

        private LocalDateTime randomAppointmentTimeFromToday(int days, int appointmentTime) {
            return clockService.getClock().nowAsLocalDate().atStartOfDay().plusDays(days).plusMinutes(appointmentTime);
        }

        private int randomAppointmentTime() {
            return (9 * 60) + (fakeDataService.ints().between(0, 32) * 15);
        }

        // -- DEPENDENCIES

        @Inject ClockService clockService;
        @Inject FakeDataService fakeDataService;
    }
}
    1 Using the supplied ExecutionContext, we can execute any prerequisites fixtures (in this case to obtain the corresponding PetOwner and Pets)
    2 we create between 2 and 4 Visits in the past for each Pet.
    3 we create a Visit in the future for approximately every other Pet.

  • add in the PersistAll:

    Visit_persona.java
    @RequiredArgsConstructor
public enum Visit_persona
implements Persona<Visit, Visit_persona.Builder> {
    // ...

    public static class PersistAll
            extends PersonaEnumPersistAll<Visit, Visit_persona, Builder> {
        public PersistAll() {
            super(Visit_persona.class);
        }
    }
}

  • update the top-level DomainAppDemo fixture to create visits rather than petowners/pets:

    DomainAppDemo.java
    public class DomainAppDemo extends FixtureScript {

    @Override
    protected void execute(final ExecutionContext ec) {
        ec.executeChildren(this, moduleWithFixturesService.getTeardownFixture());
        ec.executeChild(this, new Visit_persona.PersistAll());      (1)
    }

    @Inject ModuleWithFixturesService moduleWithFixturesService;
}
    1 Because Visit_persona automatically creates its prereqs, there’s no need to run the PetOwner_persona fixture.

    Currently the PetOwner_persona isn’t rerunnable, so we have to take some care. However, it’s easy to refactor if we wanted to:

    PetOwner_persona.java
    val petOwner = serviceRegistry.lookupService(PetOwners.class)
                    .map(x -> x.findByNameExact(persona.name))
                    .orElseGet(
                        () -> petOwners.create(persona.name, null, null, null)
                    );

    Note that the above change isn’t one of the exercises.